The Seed and the Serpent — The Conflict That Runs to Revelation
Genesis 3:15 places a promise-shaped word inside the judgment on the serpent: there will be enmity between the serpent and the woman, between his seed and her seed, and the conflict will culminate in a blow to the serpent’s head even as the victorious seed is struck. Christian readers have long called this verse the Protoevangelium, the “first gospel,” because the rest of Scripture develops a conflict in which evil is finally defeated.
The first task is to let Genesis speak carefully. The verse does not name Jesus, Satan, the cross, or the resurrection. “Seed” can function collectively as offspring, and the immediate wording is compressed. Genesis 3:15 therefore should not be labeled an explicit messianic prophecy in the same category as a New Testament quotation that says, “this was fulfilled.”