Should I Not Pity Nineveh?
The book ends with God’s question rather than Jonah’s answer. Jonah pities a plant he did not create, cultivate, or sustain; should the Creator not pity Nineveh, with more than 120,000 persons and many animals? Where this fits in the story: the question presses Israel—and every later reader—to reckon with God’s concern for the nations. Isaiah will even envision Egypt, Assyria, and Israel together under divine blessing. Evidence boundary: “cannot discern between their right hand and their left hand” is debated; it should not be used as a certain mathematical claim that all 120,000 were small children.