Pain, Toil, Dust, and Exile — East of Eden

Genesis 3:16–24 carries the Fall’s consequences into human relationships, labor, mortality, and sacred space. The woman’s life is marked by pain and relational struggle; the ground is cursed because of Adam; work becomes painful toil; and the man formed from dust is told he will return to dust. Genesis 5:29 later remembers the cursed ground when Lamech names Noah, showing that the judgment continues through generations.

Romans 5 and 1 Corinthians 15 supply the clearest New Testament interpretation of the death problem: sin and death enter through Adam, while resurrection life comes through Christ. Romans 8 widens the horizon to a creation groaning under corruption, and Revelation 22 gives the final reversal with “no more curse.” These later texts develop Genesis rather than erasing its immediate focus on toil, mortality, and exile.